Blog - Systeme D'Alarme Maison Suisse Romande

When considering modern alarm systems for a home setting in Broye-Vully or anywhere else, it’s important to look at various factors such as system features, integration capabilities, ease of use, and after-sales support. As of my last update, here are some of the key features and elements to consider when comparing modern alarm systems: 1. **Wireless vs. Wired Systems**: - **Wireless Systems**: These are generally easier to install and can be more flexible since you don't need to run cables throughout your home. Examples include systems from companies like SimpliSafe or Arlo. - **Wired Systems**: These are usually seen as more reliable since they don’t rely on batteries or wireless signals that can be disrupted. Companies like ADT or Honeywell produce well-known wired systems. 2. **Smart Home Integration**: - Some systems integrate well with smart home ecosystems such as Google Home, Amazon Alexa, or Apple HomeKit. This allows you to control your alarm system with voice commands or through a central smart home app. 3. **Professional Monitoring vs. Self-Monitoring**: - **Professional Monitoring**: A third-party service monitors your home 24/7 and can alert authorities if an alarm is triggered. This often requires a monthly subscription fee. - **Self-Monitoring**: Homeowners monitor the system themselves through smartphone notifications. This is often a cheaper option since it doesn’t usually require a monthly fee. 4. **Mobile App Control**: - Modern systems typically come with a mobile app that allows you to arm/disarm your system, check its status, and receive alerts on your smartphone. 5. **Video Surveillance**: - Some alarm systems come with integrated video surveillance capabilities. Nest and Ring offer systems that include video doorbells and cameras for live streaming and recording capabilities. 6. **Home Automation Features**: - Beyond security, systems can include home automation features such as controlling lights, locks, and thermostats. This can enhance security by simulating occupancy when you’re away. 7. **Sensors and Detectors**: - Modern systems can include a variety of sensors such as door/window sensors, motion detectors, glass break detectors, and environmental sensors (e.g., smoke, carbon monoxide, water leak detectors). 8. **Backup Systems**: - In case of power outages or internet downtime, some systems offer battery backups and cellular backups to keep the system running and connected. 9. **Reputation and Reviews**: - It’s important to consider a company’s reputation and customer reviews. Look into their customer service, response times, and the overall customer experience. 10. **Costs**: - There can be a wide range of costs associated with alarm systems, from upfront equipment costs to monthly monitoring fees. It’s best to compare different systems to find one that fits your budget while still providing the necessary level of security. If you are specifically looking for an alarm system for a home in Broye-Vully, Switzerland, you may want to inquire locally for systems that cater to local regulations and that offer support in your area. Additionally, considering the prevalence of different home technologies prevalent in Switzerland, integration with electric shutters or specific types of heating systems might also be important. When comparing different alarm systems, ensure you match the offerings of each system with your security needs, home layout, tech-savviness, and budget.

14/03/2025

Comparatif alarmes Broye-Vully : quel système innovant choisir pour votre maison ?

À la recherche d'un système d'alarme adapté à vos besoins dans la Broye-Vully ? Découvrez notre comparatif des alarmes les plus innovantes. Visitez Système d'Alarme Maison pour des conseils sur mesure et remplissez notre formulaire pour un devis personnalisé.

I'm an AI text-based model and thus I cannot create physical displays or images. However, I can describe how you might set up a table display of various modern alarm systems with an "aigle" (eagle in English) backdrop, which you can apply in a real-world setting or describe in a visual representation. Here's a descriptive scenario of how it might look: 1. **Find a Suitable Table:** Locate a large table that will serve as your display surface. Ensure it's covered with a sleek, neutral-toned tablecloth that complements the high-tech nature of the alarm systems yet doesn't detract attention from them. 2. **Create an Aigle (Eagle) Backdrop:** Behind the table, erect a large backdrop featuring a high-resolution image of an eagle. This could symbolize vigilance and protection, which relates metaphorically to the purpose of alarms. The image might show an eagle in flight or perched with a watchful gaze. The backdrop might be a large banner, a printed board, or a digital screen, depending on your setup capabilities. 3. **Selection of Alarm Systems:** Gather a collection of modern alarm systems to showcase. This could include: - Home smart alarm panels with touchscreen interfaces. - Motion detectors and wireless door/window sensors. - Surveillance cameras that offer high-definition video, night vision, and motion tracking. - Outdoor sirens and strobe lights. - Personal safety alarms and panic buttons. - Smart smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. - An array of smartphone and tablet devices to demonstrate app-based monitoring and control. 4. **Arrange the Alarm Systems:** Place each item on the table in an organized fashion. Larger items might be positioned toward the back, with smaller sensors and devices in front. Ensure each product has signage or a small information card next to it explaining the features and purpose of the particular alarm system component. 5. **Interactive Elements:** To engage viewers, include interactive elements where possible. Allow visitors to test the touchscreen panels, view live camera feeds, or receive smartphone notifications from the demonstration alarm systems. 6. **Informational Material:** Place brochures, informative pamphlets, or digital displays that offer additional information about each alarm system, including pricing, subscription services, and compatibility with other smart home devices. 7. **Lighting and Accessories:** Aim spotlights or other lighting fixtures to highlight the products and make the eagle backdrop stand out. Include any accessories that might be a part of the alarm ecosystems, such as key fobs, wearable devices, or voice assistants that can interact with the systems. This setup would produce a visually compelling display that not only showcases various modern alarm systems but also conveys the message of security and alertness through the aigle backdrop. Remember, always secure permission for images used and ensure that the display aligns with the branding and messaging goals of the presenting entity.

13/03/2025

Comparatif des systèmes d’alarme maison à Aigle : quel est le meilleur choix ?

À Aigle, sécuriser sa maison est essentiel. Découvrez notre comparatif des alarmes maison innovantes et trouvez le système idéal sur Système d'alarme maison.

To provide a comparison of innovative alarm systems in the Jura-Nord Vaudois region (which is part of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland), it's important to note that specific product availability can vary depending on the local market, regulations, and service providers. However, most advanced alarm systems tend to offer a unified set of features designed to enhance security and convenience. Here’s a generalized comparison based on common attributes found in innovative alarm systems: 1. **Integration with Smart Home Systems:** - Look for alarm systems that can be integrated with other smart home devices and platforms (such as Google Home, Amazon Alexa, or Apple HomeKit). This allows users to control their security systems alongside their other home automation devices. 2. **Remote Monitoring and Control:** - Modern systems should offer a mobile app or web portal that allows homeowners to arm/disarm their alarm systems remotely, receive alerts, and monitor their property via security cameras. 3. **Video Surveillance:** - Many innovative alarm systems offer high-definition cameras with features such as night vision, motion detection, and even facial recognition. The camera footage can be accessed remotely, and some systems provide cloud storage for recorded video. 4. **Professional Monitoring Services:** - Some systems might come with an optional subscription to a professional monitoring service that can contact local authorities in case of an alarm event. 5. **Wireless Systems:** - Wireless systems are generally easier to install, especially in places like the Jura-Nord Vaudois, where buildings can be of varying ages and constructions. They also offer flexibility in terms of placement of sensors and cameras. 6. **Sensors and Detectors:** - Innovative systems would have a comprehensive range of sensors including door/window sensors, motion detectors, glass break sensors, smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, water leak sensors, and more. 7. **Smart Locks:** - Some systems integrate with smart locks, allowing you to grant entry to your home remotely or create temporary access codes for visitors or service personnel. 8. **Geofencing:** - This refers to the use of GPS in your smartphone to detect when you are leaving or approaching your home, automatically arming or disarming the system accordingly. 9. **Energy Management:** - Some systems offer the additional benefit of managing energy consumption by integrating with smart thermostats and outlets. 10. **Customization and Scalability:** - Look for a system that allows you to start with a basic setup and expand or customize it as needed. This could mean adding more sensors or incorporating home automation features down the line. When comparing specific products or service providers in the Jura-Nord Vaudois region, consider local requirements such as weather resistance (for sensors and cameras that will be installed outdoors), language support for the interfaces, and compatibility with local emergency services and protocols. To get accurate information on what is available, and to make the best choice for your situation, it may be helpful to consult with local home security companies that service the Jura-Nord Vaudois area. They would be up-to-date on the latest technologies and regional considerations, and they would also be able to offer customized solutions based on your particular security needs.

12/03/2025

Comparatif des systèmes d’alarme innovants dans le Jura-Nord Vaudois : le guide complet

Découvrez notre comparatif des systèmes d'alarme dans le Jura-Nord Vaudois sur Système d'alarme maison. Trouvez la protection idéale pour votre foyer ou entreprise.

While I cannot provide a live display or photographs, I can describe several types of modern alarm systems that could be commonly found in a Lausanne home setting and how they might be integrated into the environment: 1. Intrusion Detection Systems: - Door and window sensors: Small, unobtrusive magnetic sensors fitted on doors and windows detect when they are opened unexpectedly. - Motion detectors: Modern devices are sleek and can often be adjusted for pet-friendliness to reduce false alarms. They can be placed in corners or on walls, blending with the interior design. - Glass break detectors: These can be small, almost invisible devices near windows that alert homeowners if the sound of breaking glass is detected. 2. Surveillance Systems: - Indoor and outdoor cameras: These can range from discrete dome cameras to more noticeable bullet types. They often come with the ability to stream footage to a smartphone or tablet. - Doorbell cameras: Smart doorbell cameras allow homeowners to see and speak with visitors and can be integrated with the overall aesthetic of the entryway. 3. Environmental Sensors: - Smoke detectors: Modern smoke detectors are slim and less obtrusive, sometimes combining carbon monoxide detection. - Water leak sensors: Small, inconspicuous devices placed near potential leak sources like washing machines, water heaters, and under sinks. - Temperature sensors: Often combined with smart thermostats, they can be wall-mounted or part of the central HVAC control system. 4. Smart Home Integration: - Control panels: Sleek touch-screen panels that can be wall-mounted or portable, serving as the hub of the alarm system. - Smartphone apps: Many modern systems offer full control and monitoring through mobile apps, minimizing the need for physical keypads. - Voice control: Integration with voice assistants like Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, or Apple's Siri for hands-free operation. 5. Emergency Response Systems: - Panic buttons: These can be discreetly placed in locations like the bedside, within closets, or as pendants for personal wear. - Medical alert systems: For those with medical conditions, wearable devices can be provided that alert emergency services with the press of a button. In a typical Lausanne home, these systems would be installed in a manner that respects the integrity of the home's design. For instance, wireless sensors would be used to avoid running cables across walls and ceilings, and camera placements would be chosen to provide broad coverage while maintaining the aesthetic appeal of the property. Installation would likely be done by a professional service that can take into account the specific security needs of the homeowner, local regulations, and privacy concerns, while ensuring that the technology blends seamlessly with the style and function of the home.

11/03/2025

Comparatif des systèmes d’alarme maison à Lausanne : lequel choisir ?

À Lausanne, sécuriser sa maison est une priorité. Découvrez notre comparatif des systèmes d'alarme innovants et trouvez le dispositif idéal pour votre foyer. Visitez Système d'Alarme Maison pour plus d'infos et un devis personnalisé.

When comparing security systems in a place like Western Lausanne, which is part of a well-developed, urban environment in Switzerland, there tends to be a mix of residential and commercial properties with varying security needs. The security systems can range from basic to highly advanced, depending on the property type, location, and the specific concerns of the residents or business owners. Here are some aspects to consider when comparing security systems with various alarms and cameras in such an urban setting: **1. Types of Alarms:** - **Burglar Alarms:** These are the most common and can be found in both residential and commercial settings. They usually include door and window sensors, motion detectors, and a siren. - **Fire and Smoke Alarms:** These are mandatory in many places and are critical for safety. They can be standalone devices or integrated into a larger security system. - **Carbon Monoxide Detectors:** These alarms are especially important in regions where heating systems might pose a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. - **Panic Alarms:** In some commercial settings and even in private homes, panic alarms can be installed to alert the authorities in case of a personal emergency. **2. Camera Systems:** - **CCTV Cameras:** Closed-circuit television cameras are widely used for monitoring public and private areas. They can be monitored live by security personnel or recorded for later review. - **IP Cameras:** These cameras use Internet Protocol to transmit image data and control signals over a fast Ethernet link, often providing higher resolution images and the capability for remote viewing and management. - **Night Vision and Thermal Cameras:** These are particularly useful for ensuring security in low-light conditions or during nighttime when most break-ins occur. - **Motion-Activated Cameras:** Some cameras only record when they detect motion, saving storage space and making it easier to review relevant footage. **3. Access Control:** - Systems can range from basic keypads requiring a PIN code to advanced biometric systems that use fingerprint or retina scans for access. - Modern systems often include smart locks that can be controlled remotely via smartphone apps. **4. Integration and Smart Systems:** - Many modern security systems can be integrated with home automation systems, allowing users to control alarms, cameras, lights, and even thermostats from a single interface. - Smart security systems might incorporate AI and machine learning to recognize regular patterns and identify anomalies, improving the overall effectiveness of the system. **5. Monitoring Services:** - Alarm systems can be self-monitored or connected to a professional monitoring service that can dispatch emergency services if an alarm is triggered. - Some systems offer on-demand monitoring services, where the user can choose when to activate professional monitoring (e.g., during vacations). **6. Considerations for Urban Settings:** - **Privacy Concerns:** In a dense urban environment, the use of cameras must balance security needs with the privacy of neighbors and passersby. - **Vandalism Resistance:** Cameras and alarm components should be tamper-resistant and able to withstand attempts to disable them. - **Network Security:** IP cameras and smart systems need robust cybersecurity measures to prevent unauthorized access and hacking. In an urban setting, both the crime rate and the diversity of residential and commercial properties can lead to a wide array of security demands. Ultimately, the best system for a given location in Western Lausanne or any other urban area will depend on a careful assessment of these factors, budget considerations, and the preferences of the person or entity responsible for implementing the security system.

11/03/2025

Comparatif des alarmes à l’Ouest Lausannois : quel système choisir pour votre sécurité ?

À l'Ouest Lausannois, choisir une alarme adaptée est crucial pour la sécurité de votre foyer ou entreprise. Découvrez notre comparatif des alarmes et trouvez celle qui vous convient sur Système d'alarme maison.

I don't have real-time data or the ability to access current inventory lists for specific stores in Lausanne or any other location. However, I can provide a general idea of the types of modern alarm systems that might be on display at an electronics store in Lausanne, based on the kind of security products commonly available on the market as of my last update. 1. **Smart Home Security Systems**: These typically include a central hub that connects to various sensors like door/window sensors, motion detectors, and cameras. They often offer integration with smart home platforms like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, or Apple HomeKit. Brands like Ring, Nest (Google), and SimpliSafe are popular in this category. 2. **CCTV Surveillance Systems**: Stores might display CCTV systems that range from basic camera and DVR setups to advanced IP camera systems with high-resolution recording, night vision, and remote viewing capabilities via a smartphone app. 3. **Wireless Alarm Kits**: These are often DIY-friendly and come with a variety of components including contact sensors, motion sensors, keypads, and sirens. They can typically be managed and monitored via a smartphone app. Honeywell and Yale are examples of brands that offer wireless alarm systems. 4. **Professional-Grade Security Systems**: These systems may be more advanced, offering features like glass break sensors, panic buttons, and integration with fire and carbon monoxide detection systems. Such systems may require professional installation and could be offered by companies such as ADT or Verisure. 5. **Personal Security Devices**: Some stores might also carry personal security items like panic alarms, portable door/window alarms, and safety lights, which are often used for travel or as an additional layer of security. 6. **Access Control Systems**: This can include biometric systems, card readers, intercoms, and digital keypads that are used to manage entry into a home or business. 7. **Smart Locks**: These devices replace or augment traditional lock-and-key mechanisms, offering features like remote locking/unlocking, access management, and activity logs. Schlage, August, and Kwikset are known for their smart locks. If you plan to visit an electronics store in Lausanne, it would be best to check their website or contact them directly for the most up-to-date inventory information. This way, you can learn about the specific models and brands they have on display and any promotional deals they may be offering.

11/03/2025

Comparatif des alarmes innovantes à Lausanne : le guide complet pour choisir

Découvrez notre comparatif des alarmes innovantes à Lausanne sur Système d'alarme maison. Protégez efficacement votre foyer ou entreprise avec les dernières technologies.

Modern alarm systems typically feature a combination of technologies to ensure the security of a home. They are designed to detect unauthorized entry or any unusual activity that might indicate a security breach. If you are interested in how these systems could be displayed or installed in a Lausanne home setting, here's a general overview: ### Control Panel - This is the central hub that communicates with all other components of the system. - It can be a wall-mounted unit, often located near the main entry point for easy access. - It allows users to arm or disarm the alarm, input access codes, and manage system settings. ### Sensors and Detectors #### Door and Window Sensors - Placed on entry points around the home; they trigger an alarm when a door or window is opened while the system is armed. - They are small and can be discreetly installed on the frame and the moving part of the door or window. #### Motion Detectors - These detect movement in a specific area of the home. - They can be strategically placed in rooms with valuables or areas where an intruder is likely to pass through. #### Glass Break Detectors - These sensors can detect the frequency of glass breaking and will trigger the alarm if they sense it. - Can be placed near glass doors or windows. #### Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors - These will alert residents to fire or dangerous gas levels. - Usually installed on ceilings or high on walls for better detection. ### Cameras - CCTV or IP security cameras often accompany modern alarm systems. - They can be placed inside and outside the home, providing surveillance and recording capabilities. - They can often be accessed remotely through smartphones or other internet-enabled devices. ### Smart Home Integration - Many modern systems integrate with smart home devices such as smart locks, lights, thermostats, and even voice command systems like Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa. - This integration can create scenes and routines that enhance security, like turning on lights or locking doors at specific times or conditions. ### Sirens and Alarms - Loud alarms are installed to alert inhabitants and neighbors of a breach, as well as potentially scare off intruders. - They can be built into the control panel or placed externally around the home. ### Yard Signs and Window Stickers - Signage is an important deterrent, letting passersby know the home is protected by a security system. - Signs can be placed in the garden, and stickers can be placed on windows or doors. ### Remote Access and Notifications - Many systems offer mobile apps that deliver notifications to homeowners when the system is triggered or when there are status changes. - Homeowners can view live camera feeds, receive alerts about open doors or windows, or even control smart home features. ### Professional Monitoring Service (Optional) - Some alarm systems come with the option for a professional monitoring service, which can respond to alarms by contacting the homeowner, dispatching security personnel, or notifying emergency services. In a Lausanne home, the aesthetic of the alarm components would likely be sleek and unobtrusive, blending with the interior design and the architecture while providing state-of-the-art protection. Since home sizes and layouts vary, the placement of devices will be tailored to each unique space, ensuring comprehensive coverage without compromising on the look and feel of the home environment.

11/03/2025

Comparatif alarmes Lausanne 2023 : le guide complet pour choisir votre système d’alarme

Découvrez notre comparatif alarmes Lausanne 2023 et trouvez le système d'alarme idéal pour votre maison ou entreprise. Visitez Système d'Alarme Maison pour des conseils personnalisés.

Installing a smart alarm system in a home located in Lavaux-Oron, Switzerland, involves several steps and considerations, including knowledge of the local regulations, technical expertise, and customer preferences. I'll guide you through a general process that a technician would usually follow: 1. **Consultation and Planning:** - **Understand the Needs:** Talk to the homeowner to understand their security needs, the extent of the system they are looking for, and any specific requirements. - **Assess the Property:** Conduct a thorough inspection of the home to identify potential security weak points, coverage areas, and the best places to install sensors and cameras. - **Design the System:** Create a layout plan of where different components of the smart alarm system will be placed, including motion detectors, cameras, control panels, and window/door sensors. - **Compliance Check:** Ensure that the design and planned installation comply with local building codes, privacy laws, and any homeowner association rules. 2. **Preparation:** - **Acquire Equipment:** Purchase the necessary components based on the planned design, ensuring compatibility among devices and with the homeowner's preferences (e.g., integration with a particular smart home platform). - **Schedule the Installation:** Set a date and time for the installation that is convenient for the homeowner. 3. **Installation Process:** - **Set Up the Control Panel:** This is the hub of the system, so it should be placed in a central location that is easily accessible for the homeowner but not easily visible to potential intruders. - **Install Sensors and Detectors:** Place door/window sensors, motion detectors, and glass-break sensors in the predetermined locations. Ensure they are installed securely and test their range and functionality. - **Place Cameras:** Install the cameras at strategic points, ensuring they have a clear field of view. Considerations for outdoor cameras include weatherproofing and resistance to varying lighting conditions. - **Connectivity:** Ensure all components are correctly connected to the home’s Wi-Fi network or any other required networking equipment. - **Power Supply:** Verify that all wired components are properly connected to the power supply and that battery-powered devices have fresh batteries. 4. **System Configuration and Testing:** - **Programming:** Program the system and customize settings, including entry and exit delays, alarm volume, and sensitivity levels of motion detectors. - **Integration:** Integrate the smart alarm system with other smart home devices (if applicable), such as smart locks, lights, or a smart thermostat. - **Test the System:** Conduct a thorough test of all the components to ensure they are working correctly and communicate with each other and the monitoring center (if a monitored system is chosen). 5. **Training and Documentation:** - **User Training:** Demonstrate how to arm and disarm the system, how to operate the control panel, and how to manage settings through any associated mobile apps. - **Provide Documentation:** Give the homeowner any necessary manuals, warranty information, and documentation about their system. 6. **Post-Installation Support:** - **Handover Contact Information:** Provide contact information for customer support in case the homeowner needs assistance after the technician leaves. - **Talk About Maintenance:** Explain the maintenance requirements of the system and, if relevant, negotiate a maintenance contract. The technician must have the necessary skills and qualifications to work with electrical systems and home networking. Proficiency in home automation systems and the ability to troubleshoot any issues that arise during installation are also essential skills for a technician in this role.

10/03/2025

Comment installer une alarme connectée à Lavaux-Oron ? Le guide complet

Découvrez comment installer une alarme connectée à Lavaux-Oron pour sécuriser votre maison ou entreprise. Suivez nos étapes et conseils sur Système d'Alarme Maison pour une tranquillité d'esprit optimale.

As an AI, I don't have direct access to databases that provide real-time data, specific business details, or current exhibitions, but I can provide an outline of what modern home security systems might entail in a residential setting, such as in Nyon, Switzerland: Modern home security alarm systems generally consist of several components that work together to protect a home against intruders, fire, and other emergencies. Here are some of the key features that may be included: 1. **Control panels**: The central hub that communicates with all the other components. Usually has a touch screen or physical keypad where homeowners can arm or disarm the system and can also send alerts to the homeowner or a monitoring center if the system is triggered. 2. **Motion detectors**: These sensors can detect movement within your home and trigger alarms or notifications. They are often placed in strategic locations where an intruder would have to pass through. 3. **Door and window sensors**: These are magnetic sensors that trigger an alarm when a door or window is opened. They can be used to secure the perimeter of your home. 4. **Surveillance cameras**: Modern systems often include Wi-Fi or wired cameras that can stream and record video. These may include outdoor cameras with night vision capability, doorbell cameras that allow you to see and communicate with visitors, and indoor cameras to monitor the interior of the home. 5. **Glass break sensors**: Specialized sensors that detect the sound or vibration of breaking glass, often used to safeguard against entry through windows. 6. **Smoke detectors and carbon monoxide sensors**: Many modern systems incorporate safety sensors that can alert homeowners to fires or dangerous gas build-ups. 7. **Smart home integration**: Current systems can often be integrated with smart home platforms, allowing for remote monitoring and control through mobile apps. This may include automating lights, locks, and thermostats, which can also contribute to the security of the home. 8. **Professional monitoring services**: Some modern alarm systems are connected to professional monitoring services that provide 24/7 surveillance of the security system and can dispatch emergency services if needed. 9. **Environmental sensors**: These can include features like flood detectors, which can alert homeowners to potential water damage. 10. **Sirens and alarms**: Loud sirens or alarms that can alert the neighborhood and scare off potential intruders. If you were specifically looking to see examples of such technologies in Nyon, you might visit local security system vendors, home improvement stores, or technology expos where these systems are displayed. You could also check virtual tours or demo videos provided by security system providers that operate in Nyon to get a sense of the technology they offer. For personalized recommendations and installations, you would typically contact a security system company directly. Please note that the availability, brands, and specific features may vary based on location and current market trends. Always verify with a local security expert or retail provider for the most accurate and updated information for the Nyon area.

09/03/2025

Choisir la meilleure alarme maison à Nyon en 2025 : guide complet

À Nyon, les alarmes maison de 2025 incarnent l'innovation en matière de sécurité. Sur Système d'alarme maison, découvrez comment ces dispositifs intelligents protègent efficacement votre foyer.